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The Business and Labour chapter
In over 80 pages of detail, the Business and Labour chapter provides a comprehensive picture of the business environment in South Africa, showing who does what business and what constraints or advantages they face in doing it in South Africa.
For more detail on what the chapter contains, you will find the complete table of contents below.
Subscribers: | Non-subscribers: |
Table of contents:
| BUSINESS | 328 |
| All sizes of business | 328 |
| Enterprises by size, 2004 and 2007 | 328 |
| Contribution to GDP by size of business, 2006 | 328 |
| Contribution to employment by size of business, 2012 | 329 |
| Registered businesses by type, 2012 | 329 |
| Public and private ownership of fixed capital stock | 330 |
| Fixed capital stock by ownership, 2000 and 2011 | 330 |
| State-owned enterprises | 330 |
| State-owned enterprises, 2010/11 | 330 |
| Entrepreneurship | 331 |
| Global entrepreneurship monitor | 331 |
| Entrepreneurial activity by country, 2011 | 331 |
| Listed companies | 332 |
| Global rankings | 332 |
| South African companies ranked in the Forbes Top 1 000 companies, 2012 | 332 |
| The top companies | 333 |
| South Africa’s top 100 companies by turnover, 2012 | 333 |
| Top five companies by sector, 2012 | 335 |
| The Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) | 337 |
| The JSE all-share index, 1998–2011 | 337 |
| Small business | 337 |
| All small businesses | 337 |
| Small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs) by sector | 337 |
| Small business by size, 2010 | 337 |
| Small business by age, 2010 | 337 |
| Small business by stage, 2010 | 338 |
| Small business owners by race and sex, 2010 | 338 |
| Small business owners by age group, 2010 | 339 |
| Small business owners by highest level of education, 2010 | 339 |
| Franchises | 339 |
| Franchise systems by business category, 2008 | 339 |
| Growth in franchise business units, 2006 and 2008 | 340 |
| Franchise contribution to GDP, 2006 and 2008 | 340 |
| Total employment in franchises, 2008 | 341 |
| Average employment and investment per employee in franchises, 2008 | 341 |
| Comparative statistics | 342 |
| Comparative statistics on small business, India, Brazil and South Africa (IBSA) | 342 |
| Business by sector | 342 |
| Sectoral contributions to GDP, jobs, and exports, 2011 | 342 |
| Agriculture | 343 |
| Agricultural production by sector and product, 1999/2000 and 2009/10 | 343 |
| Horticultural crop production, 1999/2000 and 2009/10 | 343 |
| Animal product production, 1999/2000 and 2009/10 | 344 |
| Agricultural production by sector, 1999/2000 and Oct-09 | 344 |
| Mining | 345 |
| Contribution to mineral sales, 2012 | 345 |
| Micro components, 2010 | 345 |
| Manufacturing | 346 |
| Micro components, manufacturing, 2011 | 346 |
| New car sales, production, and exports, 1995–2011 | 348 |
| Physical infrastructure | 349 |
| Airports | 349 |
| Aircraft movements at South Africa’s ten major airports, 2002/03–2011/12 | 349 |
| Energy | 349 |
| Electricity | 349 |
| Electricity generation by fuel type, 2009 | 349 |
| Electricity usage by sector, 2009 | 350 |
| Electricity capacity, 2012 | 351 |
| Projected electricity supply and demand until 2020 | 352 |
| Electricity price adjustment vs CPI, 1996–2011 | 353 |
| Main sources of energy | 353 |
| Coal | 353 |
| Coal resources, production, consumption, and exports, 2010 | 353 |
| Recoverable coal reserve holders, selected countries, 2008 | 354 |
| Natural gas | 354 |
| Natural gas production, imports, and consumption, 2010 | 354 |
| Oil and petroleum | 355 |
| Oil reserves, production, refinery capacity, imports, and consumption | 355 |
| Oil imports, 2011/12 | 355 |
| Refinery ownership and crude throughput, 2012 | 355 |
| Petroleum and diesel consumption by province, 2009 | 356 |
| Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions | 356 |
| CO2 emissions, 1990–2008 | 357 |
| Ports | 358 |
| Tonnage handled at South African ports, 2003–09 | 358 |
| Total tonnage handled at South African ports (thousand tonnes), 2003–09 | 358 |
| Railways | 359 |
| The rail network | 359 |
| Railways and roads | 359 |
| Road versus rail, 2007–2009 | 359 |
| Roads | 359 |
| All roads | 359 |
| Water | 360 |
| South African dams, 2011 | 360 |
| Water use by sector, 2010 | 360 |
| The business environment | 361 |
| Competitiveness | 361 |
| Global Competitiveness Index rankings, 2012–13 | 361 |
| South Africa’s ranking on the Global Competitiveness Index’s 12 pillars, 2012–13 | 362 |
| South Africa’s ranking on the Global Competitiveness Index in detail, 2012–13 | 363 |
| World Competitiveness Report, global rankings, 2012 | 366 |
| Digital economy | 367 |
| Digital Economy Rankings, selected countries, 2010 | 367 |
| Digital Economy Rankings, emerging markets, 2010 | 368 |
| Networked Readiness Index, selected countries, 2012 | 369 |
| Networked Readiness Index, emerging markets, 2012 | 370 |
| Ease of doing business | 371 |
| Key components | 371 |
| South Africa’s ranking for ease of doing business, 2012 | 371 |
| Financial development | 372 |
| Financial Development Index, 2011 | 372 |
| Trading | 373 |
| Ease of trading across borders, selected countries, 2012 | 373 |
| Ease of trading across borders, emerging markets, 2012 | 374 |
| Ease of trading across borders, selected African countries, 2012 | 375 |
| Tax | 376 |
| Business tax, selected countries, 2011 | 376 |
| Business tax, emerging markets, 2011 | 377 |
| Business tax, selected African countries, 2011 | 378 |
| Mining attractiveness | 379 |
| Attractiveness of countries for mining investment, Dec-11 | 379 |
| South Africa’s rankings for attractiveness for mining investment, 2009/10–2011/12 | 380 |
| Economic freedom | 381 |
| Economic freedom of the world (Heritage Foundation), selected countries, 2012 | 381 |
| Economic freedom of the world (Heritage Foundation), emerging markets, 2012 | 382 |
| Economic freedom of the world (Heritage Foundation), selected African countries, 2012 | 383 |
| Economic freedom of the world (Economic Freedom Network), selected countries, 2009–10 | 384 |
| Economic freedom of the world (Economic Freedom Network), emerging markets, 2009–10 | 385 |
| Economic freedom of the world (Economic Freedom Network), selected African countries, 2009–10 | 386 |
| Productivity | 387 |
| Change in total employment, real remuneration per worker, and labour productivity in the non-agricultural, non-domestic sector, 1994–2011 | 387 |
| Labour productivity, global rankings, 2010 | 388 |
| Overall productivity, global rankings, 2010 | 389 |
| Black Economic Empowerment | 390 |
| Proposed changes to the generic scorecard | 390 |
| The proposed new generic scorecard, 2012 | 390 |
| JSE black directorships, 2008–10 | 392 |
| Change in JSE black directorships, 2008–10 | 393 |
| Black Economic Empowerment, 1995–2009 | 393 |
| BEE transaction contribution to total transaction value, 1994–2009 | 394 |
| Other | 394 |
| Ownership | 394 |
| Education | 394 |
| Employment | 394 |
| INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS | 395 |
| Trade unions | 395 |
| Trade unions and membership, 1994–2010 | 395 |
| Cosatu affiliate membership, 1991–2012 | 396 |
| Cosatu membership as a proportion of total employed, 1994 and 2012 | 397 |
| Skill levels of Cosatu members, 2012 | 397 |
| Income levels of Cosatu members and others, 2012 | 398 |
| Income levels of Cosatu members, 2012 | 398 |
| Income levels of other workers, 2012 | 398 |
| Rivals to Cosatu affiliates, 2012 | 399 |
| Bargaining councils | 401 |
| Bargaining councils, 1996–2011 | 401 |
| Annual salary negotiations by type, 2011 and 2012 | 402 |
| Annual salary negotiations by type, 2012 | 402 |
| Wage settlements | 403 |
| Wage settlements and the inflation rate, 1998–2011 | 403 |
| Average wage settlement by major sectors and unions, 2011 | 404 |
| Average minimum monthly wage across major sectors, 2011 | 405 |
| Average wage increase by province, 2011 | 405 |
| Strikes and lockouts | 406 |
| Mandays lost as a result of strikes, 1979–2011 | 406 |
| Work stoppages by province, 2003 and 2011 | 407 |
| Working days lost by industry, 2011 | 407 |
| Work stoppages by duration, 2010 and 2011 | 407 |
| Mandays lost in the top six strikes, 2011 | 408 |
| Top six strikes by duration, 2011 | 408 |
| Strike triggers (proportion of mandays lost due to triggers), 1987–2011 | 409 |
| Strike triggers, 2011 | 409 |
| Violence in strikes | 410 |
| Benefits | 410 |
| Proportion of employees receiving benefits by number of hours worked, 2003 and 2011 | 410 |
| Labour legislation | 411 |
| Labour Relations Amendment Bill of 2012 | 411 |
| The Basic Conditions of Employment Amendment Bill of 2012 | 412 |
The Business and Labour chapter
